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<article language="en">
	<journal>
		<journal_title>The Cryosphere</journal_title>
		<journal_url>www.the-cryosphere.net</journal_url>
		<issn>1994-0416</issn>
		<eissn>1994-0424</eissn>
		<volume_number>4</volume_number>
		<issue_number>3</issue_number>
		<publication_year>2010</publication_year>
	</journal>
	<doi>10.5194/tc-4-269-2010</doi>
	<article_url>http://www.the-cryosphere.net/4/269/2010/</article_url>
	<abstract_html>http://www.the-cryosphere.net/4/269/2010/tc-4-269-2010.html</abstract_html>
	<fulltext_pdf>http://www.the-cryosphere.net/4/269/2010/tc-4-269-2010.pdf</fulltext_pdf>
	<start_page>269</start_page>
	<end_page>283</end_page>
	<publication_date>2010-08-16</publication_date>
	<article_title content_type="html">Multi-channel ground-penetrating radar to explore spatial variations in thaw depth and moisture content in the active layer of a permafrost site</article_title>
	<authors>
		<author numeration="1" affiliations="1,3">
			<name>U. Wollschläger</name>
			<email>ute.wollschlaeger@ufz.de</email>
		</author>
		<author numeration="2" affiliations="1">
			<name>H. Gerhards</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="3" affiliations="2">
			<name>Q. Yu</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="4" affiliations="1">
			<name>K. Roth</name>
		</author>
	</authors>
	<affiliations>
		<affiliation numeration="1" content_type="html">Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="2" content_type="html">State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, CAS, Lanzhou, China</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="3" content_type="html">now at: UFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstra{ß}e 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany</affiliation>
	</affiliations>
	<abstract content_type="html">Multi-channel ground-penetrating radar (GPR) was applied at a permafrost site on
the Tibetan Plateau to investigate the influence of surface properties and soil
texture on the late-summer thaw depth and average soil moisture content of
the active layer. Measurements were conducted on an approximately 85 × 60 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
sized area with surface and soil textural properties that ranged
from medium to coarse textured bare soil to finer textured, sparsely vegetated
areas covered with fine, wind blown sand, and it included the bed of a gravel
road. The survey allowed a clear differentiation of the various units. It showed
(i) a shallow thaw depth and low average soil moisture content below the
sand-covered, vegetated area, (ii) an intermediate thaw depth and high average
soil moisture content along the gravel road, and (iii) an intermediate to deep
thaw depth and low to intermediate average soil moisture content in the bare
soil terrain. From our measurements, we found hypotheses for the permafrost
processes at this site leading to the observed late-summer thaw depth and soil
moisture conditions. The study clearly indicates the complicated interactions
between surface and subsurface state variables and processes in this
environment. Multi-channel GPR is an operational technology to efficiently
study
such a system at scales varying from a few meters to a few kilometers.</abstract>
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