Research article
16 Sep 2016
Research article | 16 Sep 2016
ICESat laser altimetry over small mountain glaciers
Désirée Treichler and Andreas Kääb
Related authors
Pan-Antarctic map of near-surface permafrost temperatures at 1 km2 scale
Jaroslav Obu, Sebastian Westermann, Gonçalo Vieira, Andrey Abramov, Megan Balks, Annett Bartsch, Filip Hrbáček, Andreas Kääb, and Miguel Ramos
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2019-148,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2019-148, 2019
Revised manuscript under review for TC
Short summary
Brief communication: Collapse of 4 Mm3 of ice from a cirque glacier in the Central Andes of Argentina
Daniel Falaschi, Andreas Kääb, Frank Paul, Takeo Tadono, Juan Antonio Rivera, and Luis Eduardo Lenzano
The Cryosphere, 13, 997–1004, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-997-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-997-2019, 2019
Short summary
Mechanisms leading to the 2016 giant twin glacier collapses, Aru Range, Tibet
Adrien Gilbert, Silvan Leinss, Jeffrey Kargel, Andreas Kääb, Simon Gascoin, Gregory Leonard, Etienne Berthier, Alina Karki, and Tandong Yao
The Cryosphere, 12, 2883–2900, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2883-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2883-2018, 2018
Short summary
Multi-decadal mass balance series of three Kyrgyz glaciers inferred from modelling constrained with repeated snow line observations
Martina Barandun, Matthias Huss, Ryskul Usubaliev, Erlan Azisov, Etienne Berthier, Andreas Kääb, Tobias Bolch, and Martin Hoelzle
The Cryosphere, 12, 1899–1919, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1899-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1899-2018, 2018
Short summary
Large drainages from short-lived glacial lakes in the Teskey Range, Tien Shan Mountains, Central Asia
Chiyuki Narama, Mirlan Daiyrov, Murataly Duishonakunov, Takeo Tadono, Hayato Sato, Andreas Kääb, Jinro Ukita, and Kanatbek Abdrakhmatov
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 983–995, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-983-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-983-2018, 2018
Short summary
Using SAR satellite data time series for regional glacier mapping
Solveig H. Winsvold, Andreas Kääb, Christopher Nuth, Liss M. Andreassen, Ward J. J. van Pelt, and Thomas Schellenberger
The Cryosphere, 12, 867–890, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-867-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-867-2018, 2018
Multi-year surface velocities and sea-level rise contribution of the Basin-3 and Basin-2 surges, Austfonna, Svalbard
Thomas Schellenberger, Thorben Dunse, Andreas Kääb, Thomas Vikhamar Schuler, Jon Ove Hagen, and Carleen H. Reijmer
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2017-5,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2017-5, 2017
Publication in TC not foreseen
Short summary
Surface speed and frontal ablation of Kronebreen and Kongsbreen, NW Svalbard, from SAR offset tracking
T. Schellenberger, T. Dunse, A. Kääb, J. Kohler, and C. H. Reijmer
The Cryosphere, 9, 2339–2355, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-2339-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-2339-2015, 2015
Short summary
Decadal changes from a multi-temporal glacier inventory of Svalbard
C. Nuth, J. Kohler, M. König, A. von Deschwanden, J. O. Hagen, A. Kääb, G. Moholdt, and R. Pettersson
The Cryosphere, 7, 1603–1621, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1603-2013,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1603-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Effect of snow microstructure variability on Ku-band radar snow water equivalent retrievals
Nick Rutter, Melody J. Sandells, Chris Derksen, Joshua King, Peter Toose, Leanne Wake, Tom Watts, Richard Essery, Alexandre Roy, Alain Royer, Philip Marsh, Chris Larsen, and Matthew Sturm
The Cryosphere, 13, 3045–3059, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-3045-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-3045-2019, 2019
Short summary
Estimating the sea ice floe size distribution using satellite altimetry: theory, climatology, and model comparison
Christopher Horvat, Lettie A. Roach, Rachel Tilling, Cecilia M. Bitz, Baylor Fox-Kemper, Colin Guider, Kaitlin Hill, Andy Ridout, and Andrew Shepherd
The Cryosphere, 13, 2869–2885, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2869-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2869-2019, 2019
Short summary
Regional influence of ocean–atmosphere teleconnections on the timing and duration of MODIS-derived snow cover in British Columbia, Canada
Alexandre R. Bevington, Hunter E. Gleason, Vanessa N. Foord, William C. Floyd, and Hardy P. Griesbauer
The Cryosphere, 13, 2693–2712, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2693-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2693-2019, 2019
Short summary
Changes of the tropical glaciers throughout Peru between 2000 and 2016 – mass balance and area fluctuations
Thorsten Seehaus, Philipp Malz, Christian Sommer, Stefan Lippl, Alejo Cochachin, and Matthias Braun
The Cryosphere, 13, 2537–2556, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2537-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2537-2019, 2019
Short summary
Suitability analysis of ski areas in China: an integrated study based on natural and socioeconomic conditions
Jie Deng, Tao Che, Cunde Xiao, Shijin Wang, Liyun Dai, and Akynbekkyzy Meerzhan
The Cryosphere, 13, 2149–2167, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2149-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2149-2019, 2019
Short summary
The 2018 North Greenland polynya observed by a newly introduced merged optical and passive microwave sea-ice concentration dataset
Valentin Ludwig, Gunnar Spreen, Christian Haas, Larysa Istomina, Frank Kauker, and Dmitrii Murashkin
The Cryosphere, 13, 2051–2073, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2051-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2051-2019, 2019
Short summary
Iceberg topography and volume classification using TanDEM-X interferometry
Dyre O. Dammann, Leif E. B. Eriksson, Son V. Nghiem, Erin C. Pettit, Nathan T. Kurtz, John G. Sonntag, Thomas E. Busche, Franz J. Meyer, and Andrew R. Mahoney
The Cryosphere, 13, 1861–1875, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1861-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1861-2019, 2019
Short summary
Estimation of turbulent heat flux over leads using satellite thermal images
Meng Qu, Xiaoping Pang, Xi Zhao, Jinlun Zhang, Qing Ji, and Pei Fan
The Cryosphere, 13, 1565–1582, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1565-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1565-2019, 2019
Short summary
Rapid retreat of permafrost coastline observed with aerial drone photogrammetry
Andrew M. Cunliffe, George Tanski, Boris Radosavljevic, William F. Palmer, Torsten Sachs, Hugues Lantuit, Jeffrey T. Kerby, and Isla H. Myers-Smith
The Cryosphere, 13, 1513–1528, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1513-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1513-2019, 2019
Short summary
Broadband albedo of Arctic sea ice from MERIS optical data
Christine Pohl, Larysa Istomina, Steffen Tietsche, Evelyn Jäkel, Johannes Stapf, Gunnar Spreen, and Georg Heygster
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2019-62,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2019-62, 2019
Revised manuscript accepted for TC
Short summary
Instantaneous sea ice drift speed from TanDEM-X interferometry
Dyre Oliver Dammann, Leif E. B. Eriksson, Joshua M. Jones, Andrew R. Mahoney, Roland Romeiser, Franz J. Meyer, Hajo Eicken, and Yasushi Fukamachi
The Cryosphere, 13, 1395–1408, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1395-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1395-2019, 2019
Short summary
Estimating the snow depth, the snow–ice interface temperature, and the effective temperature of Arctic sea ice using Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 and ice mass balance buoy data
Lise Kilic, Rasmus Tage Tonboe, Catherine Prigent, and Georg Heygster
The Cryosphere, 13, 1283–1296, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1283-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1283-2019, 2019
Short summary
Baffin Bay sea ice inflow and outflow: 1978–1979 to 2016–2017
Haibo Bi, Zehua Zhang, Yunhe Wang, Xiuli Xu, Yu Liang, Jue Huang, Yilin Liu, and Min Fu
The Cryosphere, 13, 1025–1042, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1025-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1025-2019, 2019
Short summary
Sentinel-3 Delay-Doppler altimetry over Antarctica
Malcolm McMillan, Alan Muir, Andrew Shepherd, Roger Escolà, Mònica Roca, Jérémie Aublanc, Pierre Thibaut, Marco Restano, Américo Ambrozio, and Jérôme Benveniste
The Cryosphere, 13, 709–722, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-709-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-709-2019, 2019
Short summary
The Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica
Ian M. Howat, Claire Porter, Benjamin E. Smith, Myoung-Jong Noh, and Paul Morin
The Cryosphere, 13, 665–674, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-665-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-665-2019, 2019
Short summary
Characterizing the behaviour of surge- and non-surge-type glaciers in the Kingata Mountains, eastern Pamir, from 1999 to 2016
Mingyang Lv, Huadong Guo, Xiancai Lu, Guang Liu, Shiyong Yan, Zhixing Ruan, Yixing Ding, and Duncan J. Quincey
The Cryosphere, 13, 219–236, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-219-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-219-2019, 2019
Short summary
Version 2 of the EUMETSAT OSI SAF and ESA CCI sea-ice concentration climate data records
Thomas Lavergne, Atle Macdonald Sørensen, Stefan Kern, Rasmus Tonboe, Dirk Notz, Signe Aaboe, Louisa Bell, Gorm Dybkjær, Steinar Eastwood, Carolina Gabarro, Georg Heygster, Mari Anne Killie, Matilde Brandt Kreiner, John Lavelle, Roberto Saldo, Stein Sandven, and Leif Toudal Pedersen
The Cryosphere, 13, 49–78, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-49-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-49-2019, 2019
Short summary
Monitoring snow depth change across a range of landscapes with ephemeral snowpacks using structure from motion applied to lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle videos
Richard Fernandes, Christian Prevost, Francis Canisius, Sylvain G. Leblanc, Matt Maloley, Sarah Oakes, Kiyomi Holman, and Anders Knudby
The Cryosphere, 12, 3535–3550, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3535-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3535-2018, 2018
Short summary
Multi-channel and multi-polarization radar measurements around the NEEM site
Jilu Li, Jose A. Vélez González, Carl Leuschen, Ayyangar Harish, Prasad Gogineni, Maurine Montagnat, Ilka Weikusat, Fernando Rodriguez-Morales, and John Paden
The Cryosphere, 12, 2689–2705, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2689-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2689-2018, 2018
Short summary
On the reflectance spectroscopy of snow
Alexander Kokhanovsky, Maxim Lamare, Biagio Di Mauro, Ghislain Picard, Laurent Arnaud, Marie Dumont, François Tuzet, Carsten Brockmann, and Jason E. Box
The Cryosphere, 12, 2371–2382, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2371-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2371-2018, 2018
Short summary
A new tracking algorithm for sea ice age distribution estimation
Anton Andreevich Korosov, Pierre Rampal, Leif Toudal Pedersen, Roberto Saldo, Yufang Ye, Georg Heygster, Thomas Lavergne, Signe Aaboe, and Fanny Girard-Ardhuin
The Cryosphere, 12, 2073–2085, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2073-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2073-2018, 2018
Short summary
Warm winter, thin ice?
Julienne C. Stroeve, David Schroder, Michel Tsamados, and Daniel Feltham
The Cryosphere, 12, 1791–1809, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1791-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1791-2018, 2018
Short summary
Cited articles
Andreassen, L. M., Elvehøy, H., Kjøllmoen, B., Engeset, R. V., and Haakensen, N.: Glacier mass-balance and length variation in Norway, Ann. Glaciol., 42, 317–325, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756405781812826, 2005.
Andreassen, L. M., Elvehøy, H., Kjøllmoen, B., and Engeset, R. V.: Reanalysis of long-term series of glaciological and geodetic mass balance for 10 Norwegian glaciers, The Cryosphere, 10, 535–552, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-535-2016, 2016.
Bahr, D. B. and Radić, V.: Significant contribution to total mass from very small glaciers, The Cryosphere, 6, 763–770, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-763-2012, 2012.
Bliss, A., Hock, R., and Radić, V.: Global response of glacier runoff to twenty-first century climate change, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 119, 717–730, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jf002931, 2014.
Bolch, T., Sørensen, L. S., Simonsen, S. B., Mölg, N., Machguth, H., Rastner, P., and Paul, F.: Mass loss of Greenland's glaciers and ice caps 2003–2008 revealed from ICESat laser altimetry data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 875–881, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50270, 2013.
Carabajal, C. C. and Harding, D. J.: SRTM C-Band and ICESat Laser Altimetry Elevation Comparisons as a Function of Tree Cover and Relief, Photogr. Sci. Eng., 72, 287–298, 2006.
Cogley, J. G.: Geodetic and direct mass-balance measurements: comparison and joint analysis, Ann. Glaciol., 50, 96–100, 2009.
Dall, J., Madsen, S. N., Keller, K., and Forsberg, R.: Topography and penetration of the Greenland Ice Sheet measured with Airborne SAR Interferometry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1703–1706, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gl011787, 2001.
Farr, T. G. and Kobrick, M.: Shuttle radar topography mission produces a wealth of data, Eos T. A. Geophys. Un., 81, 583–585, https://doi.org/10.1029/EO081i048p00583, 2000.
Farr, T. G., Rosen, P. A., Caro, E., Crippen, R., Duren, R., Hensley, S., Kobrick, M., Paller, M., Rodriguez, E., Roth, L., Seal, D., Shaffer, S., Shimada, J., Umland, J., Werner, M., Oskin, M., Burbank, D., and Alsdorf, D.: The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, Rev. Geophys., 45, RG2004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005rg000183, 2007.
Fischer, M., Huss, M., Barboux, C., and Hoelzle, M.: The new Swiss Glacier Inventory SGI2010: relevance of using high-resolution source data in areas dominated by very small glaciers, Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 46, 933–945, https://doi.org/10.1657/1938-4246-46.4.933, 2014.
Fischer, M., Huss, M., and Hoelzle, M.: Surface elevation and mass changes of all Swiss glaciers 1980–2010, The Cryosphere, 9, 525–540, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-525-2015, 2015.
Gardelle, J., Berthier, E., and Arnaud, Y.: Impact of resolution and radar penetration on glacier elevation changes computed from DEM differencing, J. Glaciol., 58, 419–422, https://doi.org/10.3189/2012JoG11J175, 2012.
Gardner, A. S., Moholdt, G., Cogley, J. G., Wouters, B., Arendt, A. A., Wahr, J., Berthier, E., Hock, R., Pfeffer, W. T., Kaser, G., Ligtenberg, S. R. M., Bolch, T., Sharp, M. J., Hagen, J. O., van den Broeke, M. R., and Paul, F.: A Reconciled Estimate of Glacier Contributions to Sea Level Rise: 2003 to 2009, Science, 340, 852–857, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1234532, 2013.
GLIMS and NSIDC: GLIMS Glacier Database, Version 1, NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, Colorado USA, https://doi.org/10.7265/N5V98602, 2005, updated 2012.
Hofton, M. A., Luthcke, S. B., and Blair, J. B.: Estimation of ICESat intercampaign elevation biases from comparison of lidar data in East Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 5698–5703, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013gl057652, 2013.
Howat, I. M., Smith, B. E., Joughin, I., and Scambos, T. A.: Rates of southeast Greenland ice volume loss from combined ICESat and ASTER observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L17505, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gl034496, 2008.
Huss, M.: Density assumptions for converting geodetic glacier volume change to mass change, The Cryosphere, 7, 877–887, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-877-2013, 2013.
Immerzeel, W. W., van Beek, L. P. H., and Bierkens, M. F. P.: Climate Change Will Affect the Asian Water Towers, Science, 328, 1382–1385, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1183188, 2010.
Jacob, T., Wahr, J., Pfeffer, W. T., and Swenson, S.: Recent contributions of glaciers and ice caps to sea level rise, Nature, 482, 514–518, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10847, 2012.
Jansson, P., Hock, R., and Schneider, T.: The concept of glacier storage: a review, J. Hydrol., 282, 116–129, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00258-0, 2003.
Kääb, A., Berthier, E., Nuth, C., Gardelle, J., and Arnaud, Y.: Contrasting patterns of early twenty-first-century glacier mass change in the Himalayas, Nature, 488, 495–498, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11324, 2012.
Kääb, A., Treichler, D., Nuth, C., and Berthier, E.: Brief Communication: Contending estimates of 2003–2008 glacier mass balance over the Pamir–Karakoram–Himalaya, The Cryosphere, 9, 557–564, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-557-2015, 2015.
Kartverket: Terrengmodeller – land, Kartverket; available at: http://www.kartverket.no/Kart/Kartdata/Terrengmodeller/Terrengmodell-10-meters-grid/, last accessed: 6 June 2016.
Ke, L., Ding, X., and Song, C.: Heterogeneous changes of glaciers over the western Kunlun Mountains based on ICESat and Landsat-8 derived glacier inventory, Remote Sens. Environ., 168, 13–23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.06.019, 2015.
Kjøllmoen, B., Andreassen, L. M., Engeset, R. V., Elvehøy, H., Jackson, M., and Giesen, R. H.: Glaciological investigations in Norway in 2005, edited by: Kjøllmoen, B., Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE), Oslo, Norway, NVE Report 2 2006, 99 pp., 2006.
Kjøllmoen, B., Andreassen, L. M., Elvehøy, H., Jackson, M., Giesen, R. H., and Tvede, A. M.: Glaciological investigations in Norway in 2008, edited by: Kjøllmoen, B., Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE), Oslo, Norway, NVE Report 2 2009, 80 pp., 2009.
Kjøllmoen, B., Andreassen, L. M., Elvehøy, H., Jackson, M., and Giesen, R. H.: Glaciological investigations in Norway in 2009, edited by: Kjøllmoen, B., Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE), Oslo, Norway, NVE Report 2, 85 pp. + app., 2010.
Kjøllmoen, B., Andreassen, L. M., Elvehøy, H., Jackson, M., and Giesen, R. H.: Glaciological investigations in Norway in 2010, edited by: Kjøllmoen, B., Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE), Oslo, Norway, NVE Report 3, 89 pp. + app., 2011.
Kramer, H. J.: ICESat-2 (Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2), available at: https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/i/icesat-2, last access: 20 November 2015.
Kropáček, J., Neckel, N., and Bauder, A.: Estimation of Mass Balance of the Grosser Aletschgletscher, Swiss Alps, from ICESat Laser Altimetry Data and Digital Elevation Models, Remote Sens., 6, 5614, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6065614, 2014.
Lange, K. L., Little, R. J. A., and Taylor, J. M. G.: Robust Statistical Modeling Using the T-Distribution, J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 84, 881–896, https://doi.org/10.2307/2290063, 1989.
Marzeion, B., Jarosch, A. H., and Hofer, M.: Past and future sea-level change from the surface mass balance of glaciers, The Cryosphere, 6, 1295–1322, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-1295-2012, 2012.
Melvold, K. and Skaugen, T.: Multiscale spatial variability of lidar-derived and modeled snow depth on Hardangervidda, Norway, Ann. Glaciol., 54, 273–281, https://doi.org/10.3189/2013AoG62A161, 2013.
Moholdt, G., Nuth, C., Hagen, J. O., and Kohler, J.: Recent elevation changes of Svalbard glaciers derived from ICESat laser altimetry, Remote Sens. Environ., 114, 2756–2767, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2010.06.008, 2010.
Molijn, R. A., Lindenbergh, R. C., and Gunter, B. C.: ICESat laser full waveform analysis for the classification of land cover types over the cryosphere, Int. J. Remote Sens., 32, 8799–8822, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.547532, 2011.
Müller, K.: Microwave penetration in polar snow and ice: Implications for GPR and SAR, PhD thesis, Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Norway, 2011.
NASA JPL: NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Global 30 arc second, NASA LP DAAC, https://doi.org/10.5067/MEaSUREs/SRTM/SRTMGL30.002, 2013.
Neckel, N., Kropáček, J., Bolch, T., and Hochschild, V.: Glacier mass changes on the Tibetan Plateau 2003–2009 derived from ICESat laser altimetry measurements, Environ. Res. Lett., 9, 014009, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/1/014009, 2014.
Nesje, A., Bakke, J., Dahl, S. O., Lie, Ø., and Matthews, J. A.: Norwegian mountain glaciers in the past, present and future, Global Planet. Change, 60, 10–27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.08.004, 2008.
Nilsson, J., Sandberg Sørensen, L., Barletta, V. R., and Forsberg, R.: Mass changes in Arctic ice caps and glaciers: implications of regionalizing elevation changes, The Cryosphere, 9, 139–150, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-139-2015, 2015.
NSIDC: GLAS Altimetry HDF5 Product Usage Guide, NASA DAAC at the National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, Colorado USA, 2012.
NSIDC: GLAS/ICESat L1 and L2 Global Altimetry Data, Version 34, NASA DAAC at the National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, Colorado USA, available at: http://nsidc.org/data/docs/daac/glas_icesat_l1_l2_global_altimetry.gd.html, 2014.
NVE: Glacier outlines, Norges Vassdrags- og energidirektorat, digital data available at: https://www.nve.no/hydrology/glaciers/glacier-data, last access: 28 August 2016.
Nuth, C. and Kääb, A.: Co-registration and bias corrections of satellite elevation data sets for quantifying glacier thickness change, The Cryosphere, 5, 271–290, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-271-2011, 2011.
Nuth, C., Moholdt, G., Kohler, J., Hagen, J. O., and Kääb, A.: Svalbard glacier elevation changes and contribution to sea level rise, J. Geophys. Res., 115, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jf001223, 2010.
NVE: Climate indicator products, Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, online glacier database, available at: http://glacier.nve.no/viewer/CI/ (last access: 31 May 2016), 2016.
Rabus, B., Eineder, M., Roth, A., and Bamler, R.: The shuttle radar topography mission – a new class of digital elevation models acquired by spaceborne radar, ISPRS J. Photogramm., 57, 241–262, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-2716(02)00124-7, 2003.
Radić, V. and Hock, R.: Regionally differentiated contribution of mountain glaciers and ice caps to future sea-level rise, Nat. Geosci., 4, 91–94, https://doi.org/10.1038/Ngeo1052, 2011.
Radić, V., Bliss, A., Beedlow, A. C., Hock, R., Miles, E., and Cogley, J. G.: Regional and global projections of twenty-first century glacier mass changes in response to climate scenarios from global climate models, Clim. Dynam., 42, 37–58, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1719-7, 2014.
Rignot, E., Echelmeyer, K., and Krabill, W.: Penetration depth of interferometric synthetic-aperture radar signals in snow and ice, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3501–3504, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gl012484, 2001.
Schutz, B. E., Zwally, H. J., Shuman, C. A., Hancock, D., and DiMarzio, J. P.: Overview of the ICESat Mission, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L21S01, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl024009, 2005.
Slobbe, D. C., Lindenbergh, R. C., and Ditmar, P.: Estimation of volume change rates of Greenland's ice sheet from ICESat data using overlapping footprints, Remote Sens. Environ., 112, 4204–4213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.07.004, 2008.
Street, J. O., Carroll, R. J., and Ruppert, D.: A Note on Computing Robust Regression Estimates via Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares, Am. Stat., 42, 152–154, https://doi.org/10.2307/2684491, 1988.
Van Niel, T. G., McVicar, T. R., Li, L., Gallant, J. C., and Yang, Q.: The impact of misregistration on SRTM and DEM image differences, Remote Sens. Environ., 112, 2430–2442, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2007.11.003, 2008.
Viviroli, D., Dürr, H. H., Messerli, B., Meybeck, M., and Weingartner, R.: Mountains of the world, water towers for humanity: Typology, mapping, and global significance, Water Resour. Res., 43, W07447, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006wr005653, 2007.
Winsvold, S. H., Andreassen, L. M., and Kienholz, C.: Glacier area and length changes in Norway from repeat inventories, The Cryosphere, 8, 1885–1903, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1885-2014, 2014.
Zemp, M., Frey, H., Gärtner-Roer, I., Nussbaumer, S. U., Hoelzle, M., Paul, F., Haeberli, W., Denzinger, F., Ahlstrøm, A. P., Anderson, B., and others: Historically unprecedented global glacier decline in the early 21st century, J. Glaciol., 61, 745–762, https://doi.org/10.3189/2015JoG15J017, 2015.
Zwally, H. J., Schutz, R., Bentley, C., Bufton, J., Herring, T., Minster, J., Spinhirne, J., and Thomas, R.: GLAS/ICESat L2 Global Land Surface Altimetry Data (HDF5), Version 33, GLAH14, NASA DAAC at the National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, Colorado USA, https://doi.org/10.5067/ICESAT/GLAS/DATA207, 2012.